Linking I Ellis Marcus of the State & County Afore said Being Sick and weak in, Body But having Reason & understanding and caling to mind that it was, ordained by God for all Men once to Die. What happened to them after John Gadsby's death and after slavery was abolished in the District? A slave name is the personal name given by others to an enslaved person, or a name inherited from enslaved ancestors. Lewis was one of about 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work for James Meaher for the next five years. Richard Daley, in that same census, owned five slaves, three females and two males. 2 But how did these two sisters end up in Washington? None of them are named in the document. Between 1860 and 1870, the Alabama colored There, the captain bought people from the Benin region like Cudjo Lewis. 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom, Marriage of enslaved people (United States), "Hey, Black America, Let's All Ditch Our Slave Names", Johnson, Harold Whetstone; Johnston, Mary; Names of Freedmen; 1903, 1932; forumromanum.org, "NGUZO SABA (The Seven Principles)" From: US Organization website, "Sinead O'Connor's mother 'ran a torture chamber', "Sinead O'Connor (Shuhada Sadaqat): 'I'm rebuilding life' | The Point Of Everything", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slave_name&oldid=1156983302, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "You must remember that slave-names will keep you a slave in the eyes of the civilized world today. McConnell is now closely identified with Kentucky as its best-known politician, but he was born Feb. 20, 1942, in Sheffield, Alabama. 1860 and 1870, so that could be where some of these freed slaves went. PURPOSE. Alabama had the highest population of Slave families in 1840. Sorry, you have Javascript Disabled! LUCY, a woman owned by WILLIAM S. SMITH to be sold for . Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your Slaves ancestors, such as occupation. time of the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. Many black laborers refused to continue working the plantations, and chose to migrate to southern urban areas in large numbers.[13][15]. He knows that. 1809 Slave Information from Various Loudoun Co., VA Documents, 13 Dec 1809 to 30 June 1861 . I hope you find what you are looking for! This looks like an interesting (and kind of complicated) find. These developments have brought more attention to Clotilda survivors as well as to African Town, the community they built for themselves in Alabama. The average life expectancy for Slaves in 1974 was 65, and 28 in 1989. Its extremely difficult to connect the freed black Americans first named on the 1870 census to their enslaved ancestorsa problem known as the 1870 Brick Wall. There were a lot more runaways, including some gone for years, than many historians have believed, said Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, a pioneering historian who has spent much of her life gathering records about slaves. This article is from the Encyclopedia of North Carolina edited by William S. Powell. Herbert G. Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925 (1976). Slaves were it is beyond the scope of this transcription. While nearly one-third of Southern families owned slaves, the number of slave owners named in the slave schedules is 1.7 percent of the total population (in 1860). 27. the County and the first census page on which they were listed. Anyone have any idea how or where I can find this info? Exist for Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, . transcribed from the microfilm by Jerry Parrish Dimitrov; formatted and indexed by Jackie Couture, Freedmen's Bureau Labor Contracts, Indenture and Apprenticeship Records, 1865-1872, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=United_States_Census_(Slave_Schedule),_1860_-_FamilySearch_Historical_Records&oldid=5260423, This article describes a collection of records, US Flag July 4, 1859 July 3, 1861 (33 stars), National Archives and Records Administration Logo. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Monroe County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 33) Today, it exists as the historic site Africatown in Mobile, Alabama, where many Clotilda descendants still live. Census enumerators created slave schedules at the same time as population schedules. When Joshua Marcus died in 1854, in his will, he left his estate to his son Alvin to take care of his other son Ellis Marcus who was marked as an idiot on census records with this estate there were 2 slaves, one man age 50 named Tom, one woman age 40 named Carolyn. Understanding that they would have to find a place to live in the U.S., they decided to ask Timothy Meaher to provide a form of reparations. I dont think reparations for something that happened 150 years ago, when none of us currently living are responsible, is a good idea, he said June 18, a day before the House reparations hearing. The minister was the son of James McConnell, the slave owner, according to Alabama death records. . The most Slaves families were found in USA in 1880. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. This was the second time that slave information was captured as a separate schedule. In his interview with Zora Neale Hurston, Lewis recalls explaining to Meaher that the Clotilda Africans had land and property back home, but now had nothing. requires advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. Try using the location as an alternate keyword in the Find box and search without a location in the Near box. Whereas names withAfrican, classical, or other unique origins were popular during enslavement, --- often continuingfrom one generation to the next and creating a distinctive nomenclature unlike that of southern whites -- free black peopleoften used more traditionally Anglicized versions of their first names. "[2], Historian Harold Whetstone Johnston writes of instances in which a slave's former owner chose to ignore custom and simply chose a name for the freedman. 1850 1850 Simpson Co. Slave Schedule 1850 Slave Schedule - Irwin County, GA (The senator's first name, like his father's, is Addison.). Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Slaves surname lived. Two of those females, ages 30 and 11, were classified as mulatto, according to the records. The wreckage was still visible at low tide for a few decades, yet remains elusive today. ", Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, "Old Cahawba, Alabama's first state capital, 1820 to 1826", "Alabama's population: 1800 to the modern era", "The Birth of Jim Crow in Alabama 1865-1896", "Sharecropping and Tenant Farming in Alabama", Alabama Department of Archives and History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery_in_Alabama&oldid=1153583698, This page was last edited on 7 May 2023, at 06:08. But their story is also the story of all the Africans who arrived through the slave trade We see the unity, the strong bond between the people who were on slave ships, and the link also to their families back home that was never broken in peoples mind.. Compiled from the census of 1860. Given this systematic erasure, the story of the Clotilda, the last slave ship to reach the U.S., occupies a profoundly unique place in the history of the transatlantic slave trade. There are 443 census records available for the last name Slaves. This was the second time that slave information was captured as a separate schedule. They reflect an acculturation process by which generations of enslaved people, increasingly removed from the direct influence of their first enslaved African ancestors, adopted the conventions of their enslavers, eventually creating a culture and value system all their own. Weve tried to deal with our original sin of slavery by fighting a civil war, by passing landmark civil rights legislation. Get HISTORYs most fascinating stories delivered to your inbox three times a week. can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number She and the Rev. The whole conversation is about the American economic system as a whole, and the degree to which the debasement of African-descended people created the structures through which other Americans were able to prosper, he said. The Slaves family name was found in the USA, and the UK between 1840 and 1920. term "slaveholder" rather than "slave owner", so that questions of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who said recently he opposes paying government reparations to the descendants of American slaves, has a family history deeply entwined in the issue: Two of his great-great-grandfathers were slave owners, U.S. census records show. 1775 Hunter Sutherland's Slave Manumissions and Sales in Harford County Maryland 1775-1865 . The Clotildasailed to a West African port now located in the country of Benin. In 1840 there were 13 Slave families living in Alabama. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Monroe County population included Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. Sugar plantations. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. [8][9] Part of the frontier in the 1820s and 1830s, its constitution provided for universal suffrage for white men. Following the patenting of the cotton gin (in 1793), the War of 1812, and the defeat and expulsion of the Creek Nation in the 1810s, European-American settlement in Alabama was intensified, as was the presence of slavery on newly established plantations in the territory. Congressional Records II. Copyright 2006 by the University of North Carolina Press. The responsibility for what happened was collective, not individual.. after the Death of my Beloved wife. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Slaves in the Records of the Monroe Session, North Alabama Presbytery 1823-1827, Slaves deeded from George Anderson to son William Anderson Jun 1831, Slaves sold by William Anderson to various Feb 1836, Will [Aug 1840] and Appraisement of Estate of Nicholas Zeigler Mar 1841, Slave owned by J. R. Upshaw in the records of Liberty Baptist Church Sep 1846, Slaves in the Will of Elizabeth Ingram Oct 1851, Notebook kept by Dr. Thomas Fearn of Huntsville, Alabama, from about 1852 to 1863, Slaves in the Will of Samuel Ingram Nov 1839, Slaves in the Will of Thomas Youngblood Apr 1863, Sault Ste. Many wills contained information about slaves. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the We strive for accuracy and fairness. [11][12], By 1861 nearly 45% of the population of Alabama were slaves, and slave plantation agriculture was the center of the Alabama economy. Federal Census", available through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ . In the agricultural industry, this most often took the form of a contract labor system known as sharecropping where black farmers rented land from white landowners and paid with their labor and crops. population increased by 37,000, to 475,000, a 17% increase. Citing NARA microfilm publication M432. You have never gotten out of the shackles of slavery. (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). Alabama Slave Project - ALGenWeb. Enslaved individuals rarely had surnames and created few records themselves. My great-grandfather was a circuit-riding Cumberland Presbyterian minister, the senator told the paper. The term "County" is Like its neighbors, the Alabama Territory was fertile ground for the surging cotton crop, and soon became one of the major destinations for African-American slaves who were being shipped to the Southeastern United States. The Cameron family of Orange County was one of antebellum North Carolina's wealthiest families. John C. Inscoe, "Carolina Slave Names: An Index to Acculturation," Journal of Southern History 59 (November 1983). Collins assertion is supported by research done by two American professors and one Danish college professor, who found that the Southern slave owners were able to rebound more rapidly economically than non-slave owners after the Civil War. McConnell were the parents of the senators grandfather, Robert McConnell, owner of the McConnell Service Funeral Home in Athens, according to death records and an April 17, 1958 obituary in the Huntsville Times. We still have his original saddle in my wifes and my archives in Louisville.. I don't know if any of this will be helpful. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Both positions have been criticized by current civil rights leaders for making it more difficult for minorities to vote. References: Cheryll Cody, "'There Was No Absalom on the Ball Plantation': Slave-Naming Practices in the South Carolina Low Country, 1720-1865," American Historical Review 92 (June 1987). Monroe County, accounting for 2,407 slaves, or 27% of the County total. Breaking news and the best of Haaretz straight to your inbox By signing up, I agree to Haaretzterms and conditions Southern Jews owned slaves in comparable numbers to their white non-Jewish neighbors; a few were active slave traders Pages in category "American slave owners" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,270 total. We see recovery for the sons of both small and large slaveholders, as well as in the counties that specialized in non-plantation crops, wrote the authors of "The Intergenerational Effects Of A Large Wealth Shock: White Southerners After The Civil War, a study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, the nation's leading nonprofit economic research organization. I see them here on the census record, does anyone know how we can get their names added here instead of unknown? The following articles will help you research your family in the United States. Claire Kluskens National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC Researching African American ancestors who lived before the American Civil War (1861-1865) poses unique challenges. Even if they had not run away, tracking down the descendants of slaves who worked the smaller holdings can be hard because record-keeping in rural places like northern Alabama was hit-or-miss, Tony Burrough, a Chicago-based African American genealogist, said. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free census. Please be aware some collections consist only of partial information indexed from the records and do not contain any images. By rights, by international rights, you belong to the white man of America. Eugene D. Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (1974). "Indian Slavery in Colonial Georgia. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). Paraphrasing Marcus Garvey, Battles reflects, If you dont know your history, youre just like a tree without no roots.. decreased just under 4% to 6,625, while the "colored" population decreased over 13% to 7,572. It's hard to tell for sure, but the ages fit. Identifying the descendants and finding them would be a complicated project, and what I mean by that is that it would take a lot of work, searching for all kinds of records that might include the names of the enslaved people. Burroughs said. John Burneside of Ascension, Louisiana: 753 slaves; Saint James: 187 slaves. Historians say that contemporary Americans can learn from slave owner genealogies how many families directly or indirectly benefited from the labor of generations of slaves. Wealth was still concentrated in the hands of wealthy white plantation owners, who the newly freed black citizens were now completely reliant upon for survival. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Monroe County, Alabama, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. V W X Y Z See also References A Adelicia Acklen (1817-1887), at one time the wealthiest woman in Tennessee, she inherited 750 enslaved people from her husband, Isaac Franklin. The manuscript . Enslaved people often transferred such names to later generations in modified form or relied on African naming traditions, such as "day names" or names reflecting the order of birth among siblings. The last U.S. census slave schedules were enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. North Carolina had the highest population of Slaves families in 1840. But in particular, it would be important for the Africatown community. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Slavery was officially abolished in the United States, following the end of the US Civil War by the Thirteenth Amendment which took effect on December 18, 1865. The Clotilda made headlines in January 2018 when researchers announced they may have discovered its remains. As an example, one historian says that "a man named Publius Larcius freed a male slave named Nicia, who was then called Publius Larcius Nicia. (Referred to @African American Genealogy Research by admin) When Joshua Marcus died in 1854, in his will, he left his estate to his son Alvin to take care of his other son Ellis Marcus who was marked as an "idiot" on census records. of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. with this estate there were 2 slaves, one . The story of the Clotilda and the people who built Africatown. The senator related the same story in his memoir. Updated: May 24, 2019 | Original: May 21, 2018. Some organizations encourage African Americans to abandon their slave names. Herbert G. Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925 (1976). By the 1870 census, the white population of Monroe County had the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the previous stamped number and a "B" being used to designate the Slave schedules for 1860 exist for the following and are not available for any other states: You could then browse the list for individuals that may be your ancestor. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material Ty @KarenRicks8 KarenRicks8 Joshua Marcuss father was Ellis Marcus (Markes, Marquis, Demarcus - Ive found it spelled many ways) of Granville, NC. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status. Enslaved peoplethemselves sometimes chose names denoting weather conditions at the time of their child's birth or some distinctive feature of his or her appearance. names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research task, but Col. Joshua John Ward of Georgetown, South Carolina: 1,130 slaves. The 1860 census slave schedule indicates that prior to the census count, all of James McConnells slaves escaped, as did all but one of Daleys slaves. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. One 22-year-old slave was identified as black. Please submit permission requests for other use directly to the publisher. Along with records from churches,manumission societies, enslavers, and estate settlements, these documents provide a vast pool of data from which to trace patterns and trends from the colonial period through emancipation. PURPOSE. Subscribe to this website and receive notification each time a free genealogy resource is newly published. Census data If slave is a fugitive, from what state. The last name or family name of the slaveholder should not be added to the name of the enslaved person unless the slaveholder was the father of the enslaved person. To check a master surname list for other States and Counties, return to Home and Links Page. Corky Siemaszko is a senior reporter for NBC News Digital. They were saying that they knew that their families in Africa had been looking for them, Diouf says. enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind His paternal grandparents are buried in the Athens City Cemetery. Learn more. It looks like Tom and Carolyn could have been with him on both those censuses. The two great-great-grandfathers, James McConnell and Richard Daley, owned a total of at least 14 slaves in Limestone County, Alabama all but two of them female, according to the county Slave Schedules in the 1850 and 1860 censuses. Eighth Census of the United States, 1860. Asked about the reparations issue, McConnell, R-Ky., said he was opposed to the idea, arguing it would be hard to figure out whom to compensate. ancestor with one of these surnames is found on the 1870 census, then making the link to finding that ancestor as a slave Transcribed by Tom Blake, May 2001. Slavery experts have stressed that descendants of slave owners should not be held personally responsible for the deeds of their forebears. United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1860, African American Freedmen's Bureau Records, United States 1860 Census Slave Schedules, Federal Records that Help Identify Former Slaves and Slave Owners, National Archives and Records Administration, Restrictions for Viewing Images in FamilySearch Historical Record Collections, Population schedules of the eighth census of the United States, 1860, United States Research Tips and Strategies. Both males, one who was either 10 or 12 years old and one who was 7, were listed as mulatto. The rest of the slaves in the County were held by In the 1850 census, four of Daleys five slaves were also marked as having escaped, so it appears that he acquired additional slaves between 1850 and 1860. The more telling census records however are the 1850 and 1860 slave schedules. Either way Id like to be able to give Tom and Caroline their identities in some way in the family tree Id also like to try to find out what happened to them after they were sold to John Davenport. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. July 29, 2020 edited February 10, 2021. The process of publication of slaveholder names beginning with larger slaveholders will enable naming of the holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. Cite This Collection "United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 ." Database with images. "The slave master who owned us put his last name on us to denote that we were his property. If deaf and dumb, blind, insane, or idiotic. Recent speculation about the location of the ship has brought national attention to issues in Africatown, such as its lawsuit against an industrial plant for generating cancer-causing pollution. African American Alabama deed free genealogies Names plantation slave slavery. This was 100% of all the recorded Slaves's in USA. My father didnt know his last name. We do this by listing sites in our directory and spotlighting these resources on our social media channels. 2,560 shares By Joseph Rose | The Oregonian/OregonLive For the first time in U.S. history, millions of wayward documents tracking the ancestry of freed enslaved African Americans and the. Thanks for visiting! Do not sell or share my personal information. A slave name is the personal name given by others to an enslaved person, or a name inherited from enslaved ancestors. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Slave owned by J. R. Upshaw in the records of Liberty Baptist Church - Sep 1846 Chambers County Alabama Slave Owners Slaves in the Will of Elizabeth Ingram - Oct 1851 Madison County Alabama Slave Owners Notebook kept by Dr. Thomas Fearn of Huntsville, Alabama, from about 1852 to 1863 So when you see a negro today whos named Johnson, if you go back in his history you will find that his grandfather, or one of his forefathers, was owned by a white man who was named Johnson. One family traces its lineage back to a single enslaved man. However, like most Republicans, he supported the narrowing of the Voting Rights Act by the Supreme Court in 2013, and has also been an advocate for strong voter ID laws. Slaves 100 years of age or older were supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of Appraisement and Inventory of Slaves in Wills, Macon County AL. One feather Bed and Furniture and One Cowand calf . name, including surname. Even though slavery was still legal in 1860, the international slave trade was not, and hadnt been since 1808. AL Genweb: General Alabama genealogical information. were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. The real names of our people were destroyed during slavery. I tookee good keer my slaves and derefo I doan owe dem nothin.. Contract labor systems were put into place in southern states that forced freed blacks to work in jobs that they could not legally quit, left them permanently in debt, and which often involved violent physical punishment by white property owners. [1] Geographic names were common, as were the names of ships or distant ports for enslaved peopleborn in places such as Wilmington or New Bern. It also looks like they might have had a child. For additional information about image restrictions see Restrictions for Viewing Images in FamilySearch Historical Record Collections. The most Slave families were found in USA in 1840. 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He has said his hero is Sen. John Sherman Cooper, a Kentucky Republican who died in 1991, best known for breaking the filibuster against the 1964 Civil Rights Act that had been led by other Southern senators. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. [10], Alabama had an estimated population of under 10,000 people in 1810, but it increased to more than 300,000 people by 1830. Since the U.S. government was not in effective control of many of these territories until later in the war, many of these slaves proclaimed to be free by the Emancipation Proclamation were still held in servitude until those areas came back under Union control. According to Lewis, Meaher responded: Fool do you think I goin give you property on top of property? Theres also no way of discovering, as Malcolm Xemphasized, their true family name. The slave trade ripped families apart, and records from slave ships and plantations often identified enslaved people with multiple or incomplete names. In the midst of Jim Crow, segregation, and reconstruction, they built a free society controlled and run by Africans., I think that what this particular story is about is really the unity of the people who were on the ship, Diouf says. Eugene D. Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (1974). 73086 Washington DC 20056-3086 freed slaves go? Dates: 1846-1948 Found in: The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections / Clements family papers Joshua didn't appear to have any other slaves. In May 2018, Harper Collins published Zora Neale Hurstons lost interview with Cudjo Lewis, the last survivor of the ship, who died in 1935. The two great-great-grandfathers, James McConnell and Richard Daley, owned a total of at least 14 slaves in Limestone County, Alabama all but two of them female, according to the county . ABC. Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. You can see how Slaves families moved over time by selecting different census years. You are still in them. Where did all the Good luck with this endeavor. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Slaves census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. The Nation of Islam is perhaps the best-known of them. From ages 5 to 8, McConnell lived in a rented bungalow in Athens, Alabama, as he has recounted. Depending on the state, slaves numbered from less than one to nearly fifty percent of the population (12.5 percent of the total population in 1860). Some of his comments include: The black nationalist US Organization also advocates for African-Americans to change their slave names and adopt African names. Generations of his family had lived in and around Limestone County, which is west of Huntsville and just south of the Tennessee border. Using plantation names to locate ancestors If the ancestor is not on this list, the 1860 slave census microfilm can be viewed to find out whether the ancestor was a holder of a fewer number of slaves or not a slaveholder at all. She appears in an 1850 census record from Limestone County, which identifies her (under the first name Offillia) as a 1-year-old member of Daleys household. Following the holder list is a separate list of the surnames of the holders with information This list may not reflect recent changes . There was no one else with the same names as the two slave owners, James McConnell and Richard Daley, listed in the two censuses for Limestone County. But southern white men broke the law by importing captured Africans long after the practice was banned, and even viewed their evasion of the law as a source of pride. Genealogical techniques used to track slave families before the Civil War are necessarily quite different than those used for white or free African Americans. Racially related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in For personal use and not for further distribution. purposes. Baine, Rodney M. 1995. Lucille Burden Osborne, known by some as Miss Lucille, refuses to give cruelty the last word in her . This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 11:47. So when you see a negro today who's named Johnson, if you go back in his history you will find that his grandfather, or one of his . Civil Records RG 29: Records of the Bureau of the Census (crop schedules) RG 36: Records of the United States Customs Service, 1745 - 1982 RG 48: Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior RG 55: Records of the Government of the Virgin Islands RG 59: General Records of the Department of State researchers should view the source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own Due to variable film quality, handwriting They decided that if you wont send us home, well build Africa here in Alabama, says Robert Battles, Sr., former executive director of the Historic Africatown Welcome Center. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. In his 1965 book, Message to the Blackman in America, Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad writes often of slave names. Dr. Stephen Duncan of Issaquena, Mississippi: 858 slaves. SOURCES. [4][5] Within 20 years of becoming a state, Alabama was the largest cotton producer in the US, producing 23% of the nation's cotton crop. Used by permission of the publisher. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. ", "You are still called by your slave-masters' names. If the surname is found, they can then view the microfilm for the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the Othella Daley, Sen. McConnells great-grandmother (whose maiden name was spelled Daily or Daly in some records) was the daughter of Richard Daley, the slave owner. Recognizable patterns of change in names and naming practices are evident from the mid-eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century and on through the 1860s. Federal . States that saw significant increases in colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of The enslaved in the Deep South escaped into the wilderness including swamps, by boat to Cuba or the North, Midwest and Canada, and some headed south to Mexico., Hall is a co-founder of Slave Biographies: The Atlantic Database Network, an online project that describes itself as a database of information on the identities of enslaved people in the Atlantic World.. interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The actual number of slaveholders may be slightly lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate slaveholder in each County. up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 Whether or not the ancestor is found to have been a slaveholder, a viewing of the slave census will provide an informed sense of the extent of slavery in the ancestral County, particularly for those who have never viewed a slave census. Louis Cain, professor emeritus at Loyola University Chicago and an expert on the economics of slavery, said more Americans have been stained by slavery than they realize. Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very In our blog we encourage people to find and share their family histories to make meaningful connections with other peoplepast, present, and future. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. McConnell was talking about the Rev. reportedly includes a total of 8,705 slaves. | custodian = [1]|. " SANKOFA is an Akan word meaning "go back and take." Lewis was one of about 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work for James Meaher for the next five years. The ages stayed consistent and there wasn't any change in the number of slaves in the household. If the surname is found, they can then view the microfilm for the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. The names they gave their children provide a valuable, if limited, index of that process over time. relocation for colored persons from Monroe County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 to 545,000 (17%); Texas, In a Dec. 28, 2014, interview with The News Courier, a daily newspaper published in Athens that covers Limestone County, McConnell described his ancestry in detail. You can also look up Charleston Manifests by Slave Owner [table striped="true" responsive="true"][table striped="true" responsive="true"] Slave NameShip Age Sex Class Slave ResidenceAbigailEdgefield 34 Female Black Charleston, S.C.Abraham Hamburg 11 Male Black GeorgiaAbraham "[10] On her conversion to Islam in 2018, she adopted the Muslim name Shuhada' Sadaqat.[11]. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. [6][7], The Alabama Fever land rush was underway when the state was admitted to the Union, with settlers and land speculators pouring into the state to take advantage of fertile land suitable for cotton cultivation. But they have also argued that the families that descended from slave owners, like McConnells, are likely to have benefited from the labor of slaves that propped up farm families in earlier generations a point made by many reparations supporters, who have said that descendants of slaves were never compensated for the economic benefit their forebears made to white families. The transcriber did not notice any such slave in I took the liberty of looking up census records from 1830 & 1840 for Joshua Marcus. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES. You should also look for alias names, nicknames and abbreviated names, Try alternative search methods such as only filling in the surname search box (or the given name search box) on the landing page leaving the other box empty and then click on search. Weve elected an African American president.. This was 100% of all the recorded Slaves's in USA. Maria Williams is listed along with her children Martha, Mary Ellen, and James; Keziah Williams, with her children Mary and William. Beginning in the early nineteenth century, more biblical names were given to enslavedchildren, a reflection of the widespread attempts to Christianize enslaved communities. (Referred to @African American Genealogy Researchby admin). . When news of emancipation reached this group in 1865, the first thing they wanted to do was to go back home, Diouf says. Only their first name, sex, and age were listed. CUNNINGHAM, William, 59 slaves, page 126B, STALLWORTH, Estate of, 51 slaves, page 81, WARREN?, William, (illegible first name) George, employer, 56 slaves, page 107. The collection consists of an index and images of slave schedules listing slave owners and only age and gender of the slaves in 1860. Before presuming an African The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. Slave Manumissions & Sales in Harford County Maryland 1774-1865 . Age, gender, and color of slave. Meaher didnt provide them with passage back to Africa, and they soon realized that they wouldnt be able to earn the money for their passage themselves. Whenever possible FamilySearch makes images and indexes available for all users. Also, we are asked not to do ordinances for people who are not in our blood line. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Anthropologist Meyer Fortes's observation that the naming practices of any society "epitomize personal experiences, historical happenings, attitudes to life, and cultural ideas and values" holds particularly true for African American enslaved people. Number manumitted (freed) in the year preceding June 1. and. This was in Autauga County and Shelby County Alabama in the 1850s - 1860s thank you! The Slave family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. These collections may have additional materials to help you with your research. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the number of slaves they held in My dads grandfather was a circuit-riding Calvinist preacher who sermonized at a different church every Sunday, carrying his Bible in the saddlebags I still have, he wrote. I Found the Person I Was Looking For, What Now? M653. Thirdly I Lend To Mybeloved wife Mary Marcus During her natural Life, the Land and Plantation wheron I now Live Containing Eighty two Acres, together with all myhouse hold furniture and Stock of all Kinds, and, at Her Dec. Use the search radius to expand the geocoded search areait may be too tight. Extensive records of slaveholding over several generations exist for a number of North Carolina plantations, most notably the Skinner and Hayes plantations in Chowan County; Pettigrew plantations in Tyrrell, Washington, and Wake Counties; Bennehan-Cameron plantation in Orange County; Hargrove plantation in Granville County; Arrington plantations in Nash and Edgecombe Counties; Avery plantation in Burke County; and Lenoir plantation in Caldwell County. However, rights to view these data are limited by contract and subject to change. The office did not respond to those requests. For most black Americans descended from enslaved Africans, theres no way of tracing back where their ancestors came from. And he has spoken proudly in the past about his north Alabama roots. This should return a list of everyone with that particular name. When news of emancipation reached this group in 1865, "the first thing they wanted to do was to. Is there any mention in the will that Tom and Carolyn were a couple? African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Monroe County, Alabama in 1860, if they have an idea of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Montgomery County, Alabama in 1860, if they have an idea of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. My grandfather, Robert Hayes McConnell, went into business with his brother, Add, and bought what became McConnell funeral home, which still carries the name, the senator told The News Courier. List of the largest American slave owners The list below is compiled from the 1860 United States Slave Census Schedule. Four are classified as mulatto a now-offensive term for mixed-race people. However, the data should be checked for the particular surname to see the extent of the matching. The bulk of the papers relate to Frank Bugbee Clements. Thanks for visiting! [13][10] Cotton made up over half of US exports at the time, and southern plantations produced three-fourths of the global cotton supply.[14]. Estimates of the number of former Arrange alphabetically by state, and by county or parish. Robert Hayes McConnells son, Addison Mitchell McConnell, was Sen. McConnells father. Rebuffed by Meaher, the group resolved to work hard and save money in order to buy some land from him, which they did (Lewis noted dryly to Hurston that Meaher didnt even take off one five cent from de price for us.) With this and other land they purchased, they built a community called African Town. Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society P. O. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have been reported with their full Though they later determined the vessel theyd found wasnt the Clotilda, the event sparked renewed interest in finding the ship. Slavery, however, existed in every county. Available from https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2014.174.8?destination=/explore/collection/search%3Fedan_q%3Denslaved%26edan_fq%255B0%255D%3Dobject_type%253A%2522Photographs%2522 (accessed May 6, 2022). NBC News was able to build a McConnell family tree by locating obituaries of his predecessors, by searching through online genealogical websites like Ancestry.com, and by tracking down his memoir and news articles in which the senator spoke about his relatives and his familys deep roots in northern Alabama. Dallas, Montgomery and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between Keep track of your research in a research log. Smaller farms and plantations still benefited enormously from the unpaid labor of enslaved people, which likely helped them build multigenerational wealth, said Chuck Collins, senior scholar at the Institute for Policy Studies, a liberal think tank in Washington. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819. After the Clotildas voyage to Africa, Meaher burned the ship in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta to destroy the evidence of the illegal journey. The information on surname matches of 1870 African Americans and 1860 slaveholders is intended merely to provide data for consideration by those seeking to make connections between slaveholders and former slaves. It is possible to locate a free person on the Monroe County, Alabama census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War. It appears from the records that most of the McConnell and Daley family slaves managed to run away. Slaves Names - Alabama. ThNk you for the info :). I wonder if Joshua's father had a will and if that might give more information about Tom & Carolyn before they came to Joshua's household. There are 463 military records available for the last name Slaves. Originally part of the Mississippi Territory, the Alabama Territory was formed in 1817. The manuscript list of slaves on the Cameron plantations, 1844, page 2. I found a later newspaper article that stated a John Davenport was accused of beating a slave to death (not sure if same John D or not). 1 Identifying the Final Slave Owner 1.1 Records That Identify Slave Owners Directly 1.2 Creating Profiles of the Slave and the Slave Owner 1.3 Identifying a Probable Slave Owner 2 The U.S. Census Slave Schedules 3 Comparing Multiple Lists of Slaves Identifying the Final Slave Owner An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Slaves ancestors lived in harsh conditions. ", In Rome, slaves were given a single name by their owner. FamilySearch. 100 years later, the County was listed as having 11,030 whites, about a 60% increase, but the 1960 total of 11,324 (As a side note, by 1960, slaves who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. Although enslavers often assigned names to newly acquired enslaved peoplethat were whimsical, satirical, or condescending in intent, the frequent appearance of classical names-Venus, Cato, Hercules, Bacchus, Pompey-reflect enslavers' own educations and libraries. John C. Inscoe, "Carolina Slave Names: An Index to . In the 1850 census, his great-great-grandfather Richard Daley owned five female slaves ranging in age from 2 to 22. The page numbers used are the rubber stamped numbers in Sharecroppers often lived and worked in the same cotton plantations their enslaved ancestors had toiled upon. This was about 72% of all the recorded Slave's in USA. The African slave trade was first brought to Alabama when the region was part of the French Louisiana Colony. Many enslaved people were allowed to keep their original African names or names assigned them elsewhere (as reflected by the frequency of Spanish and Portuguese names among the first generation of enslaved people in the Carolinas.) Identifying your sources helps others find the records you used. An ancestor not shown to hold slaves on the 1860 slave census could have held slaves on an earlier census, so those films can be checked also. It is very rare that the story of who enslaved a person gets passed down from generation to generation. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. OnGenealogy is a directory of family history tools and resources. Browse profiles of historical people with the Slaves last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. March 8, 2021, 2:08 AM. There were roughly 110 African children, teenagers, and young adults on board the Clotilda when it arrived in Alabama in 1860, just one year before the Civil War. B Baldwin County, Alabama, Slave Owners (0, 11, 7) Barbour County, Alabama, Slave Owners (0, 8, 0) Benton County, Alabama, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0) Bibb County, Alabama, Slave Owners (0, 12, 4) Blount County, Alabama, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0) Bullock County, Alabama, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0) Butler County, Alabama, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0) C Copy Citation If you have a genealogy business or resource, we'd love to add you to our listings! I Can't Find the Person I'm Looking For, What Now? http://FamilySearch.org : 20 March 2023. This spring, the community secured a grant to build a museum, and many researchers and organizations remain interested in searching for the Clotilda. Lists of Slave owners with names of slaves 781-----Edward, 660 Michael, 735 Adam, Andrew George, 425, 498, 533, 621 Guy, 498 Jack, 729 Lucy, 729 Peter, 533 The most Slaves families were found in USA in 1880. To see this page as it is meant to appear, please enable your Javascript! Mitch McConnell on slavery reparations: 'None of us currently living are responsible', "The Intergenerational Effects Of A Large Wealth Shock: White Southerners After The Civil War,, supported the narrowing of the Voting Rights Act, a Dec. 28, 2014, interview with The News Courier, to death records and an April 17, 1958 obituary. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), WILLIAMS, 28865, 2335, 40, 2095, 1417, 30, Monroe Co., AL GenWeb (County genealogical resources). Unable to return to Africa after emancipation on June 19, 1865aka Juneteenththey left records and gave interviews about who they were and where they came from that survive today. All Rights Reserved. Particularly in the case of these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder. Enslaved people remained legally nameless from the time of their capture until their purchase by American enslavers. You can see how Slaves families moved over time by selecting different census years. Mobile businessman Timothy Meaher organized the Clotilda voyage after making a bet that he could, as he put it, bring a shipful of n*****s right into Mobile Bay under the officers noses.. Sankofagen Wiki run by Karmella Haynes has a list of Alabama Plantations and Slave Names and some slave stories listed by county, for counties formed prior to 1865. In Alabama, Meaher sold some of the Africans, but divided up most between himself, his two brothers and the ships captainnone of whom were ever convicted for their crimes. Duncan Cameron and his son Paul Cameron owned thousands of acres of land in North Carolina, and Paul also purchased plantations in Alabama and Mississippi. In 1840 there was 1 Slaves family living in North Carolina. detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . FORMAT. We showcase libraries, societies, and genealogy businesses so researchers will find these great resources and the industry will flourish. . The details about McConnells ancestors, discovered by NBC News through a search of ancestry and census records, came in the wake of recent hearings on reparations before the House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties. I give unto my Son Joshua Marcus, one feather Bed &furniture One Cowand Calf together with the Land to him and his heirs for, And unto my Daughter Nancy Marcus I Give & bequeath unto her and her, Heirs for Ever. Some scholars of slavery have come to view the names and naming of enslaved people as agauge of many aspects oflife and culture during enslavement and of howcustoms changed over time. Our knowledge article states: Descendants of slaveholders should not submit temple ordinances for the people enslaved by the slaveholders. Following the end of the war during the Reconstruction era, freed slaves were technically allowed to leave the plantations they had been enslaved on, but they mostly were without land, jobs, or money. A slave who was freed might keep his or her slave name and adopt the former owner's name as a praenomen and nomen. [8] Most Native American tribes were completely removed from the state within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830. by John C. Inscoe, 2006; Revised May 2022 by NC Government & Heritage Library.
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