The trustee is a private individual or corporation appointed in all chapter 7, chapter 12, and chapter 13 cases and some chapter 11 cases. (Assuming no conflicts of interest, these separate businesses or individuals can pool their resources, hire the same professionals, etc.). A claim that may be owed by the debtor under certain circumstances, e.g., where the debtor is a cosigner on another person's loan and that person fails to pay. A slang expression sometimes used to refer to a pro se litigant. The abbreviations for military courts include: Armed Forces App. - United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces Vet. App. - United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims A.F. Crim. App. - United States Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals Army Crim. App. - United States Army Court of Criminal Appeals The system's mission reflects its dedication to serve the community, the courts, and the Treatment may include psychiatric, psychological, and sex offense-specific evaluations, inpatient or outpatient counseling, and medication. WebThe list of 50 most commonly-used Court acronyms and abbreviations. An officer of the Judiciary serving in the judicial districts of Alabama and North Carolina who, like the United States trustee, is responsible for supervising the administration of bankruptcy cases, estates, and trustees; monitoring plans and disclosure statements; monitoring creditors' committees; monitoring fee applications; and performing other statutory duties. Each allegation is referred to as a count. 2d". The Courts opinion did not answer many of those questions, but happily it affirmed both important fair use precedents and the role of fair A plea of nolo contendere has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Not only can you find specialty courts like the Court of Federal Claims and Court of International Trade, but you have several district courts in each of the different regions. Suppose one such plaintiff were to sue and win a declaratory judgment, or even a preliminary injunction, from a, Marsha Landry, who was elected to the board in 2022, was named as the stepmother in a motion filed in January requesting witnesses to testify to a pattern of abuse before a state, In October, Wong successfully filed a writ of habeas corpus in. Abbreviations.com. A jury verdict that a criminal defendant is not guilty, or the finding of a judge that the evidence is insufficient to support a conviction. It wouldnt be an article about district and federal court abbreviations without the military courts too. The followingis a listof standard abbreviations for the major federal case reporters The listindicates how many series have been published for each reporter and the courts covered by each reporter. A judge's directions to the jury before it begins deliberations regarding the factual questions it must answer and the legal rules that it must apply. The party who appeals a district court's decision, usually seeking reversal of that decision. The geographic area in which a court has jurisdiction. WebWESTERN DIVISION (Los Angeles) First Street U.S. Money that a defendant pays a plaintiff in a civil case if the plaintiff has won. Dear Judge Last: As with any rule, there are, of course, exceptions: Judge vs. Justice. Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In other words, the creditor seeks to have part of the debtor's future wages paid to the creditor for a debt owed to the creditor. A judicial officer of a district court who conducts initial proceedings in criminal cases, decides criminal misdemeanor cases, conducts many pretrial civil and criminal matters on behalf of district judges, and decides civil cases with the consent of the parties. A meeting of the judge and lawyers to plan the trial, to discuss which matters should be presented to the jury, to review proposed evidence and witnesses, and to set a trial schedule. DJ. Sentencing option in the federal courts. For example, a plaintiff may seek a declaratory judgment that a particular statute, as written, violates some constitutional right. Courthouse. If a case is published in more than one reporter, additional reporter references may also be included to enable you to find the case in the other reporter(s). A body of 16-23 citizens who listen to evidence of criminal allegations, which is presented by the prosecutors, and determine whether there is probable cause to believe an individual committed an offense. Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! district court: [noun] a trial court that has jurisdiction over certain cases within a specific judicial district. Case reporters are published in series, which are designated by a series number (2d, 3d, 4th, etc.). A person who makes a word-for-word record of what is said in court, generally by using a stenographic machine, shorthand or audio recording, and then produces a transcript of the proceedings upon request. Often referred to as a TRO. Beachy v. Becerra, 299 Neb. A procedure in a Chapter 7 case whereby a debtor removes a secured creditor's lien on collateral by paying the creditor the value of the property. Property that is promised as security for the satisfaction of a debt. A written court order directing a person to take, or refrain from taking, a certain act. A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial, or during some other formal conversation, such as a hearing or oral deposition. You can also find Alaska and the islands like Hawaii. When looking for court district abbreviations in the west, you will find: When a case is appealed in the district court, it can go to one of 13 circuit courts and the Supreme Court. There are also specialty federal courts like the Trade Court of International Trade and the Court of Claims. 23. A reversal is often accompanied by a remand to the lower court for further proceedings. When two tribunal names have the same abbreviation, the corresponding identifiers are highlighted in red. abbreviation refers to the Central District Court of California, which decided this case. Court action that allows the later filing. Skip to Main Content. With some exceptions, hearsay generally is not admissible as evidence at trial. Property that a debtor is allowed to retain, free from the claims of creditors who do not have liens on the property. Outlines the basic structure of legal citations, including cases law, statutes, and administrative rules and regulations. [4], The district courts were established by Congress under Article III of the United States Constitution. https://www.abbreviations.com/district%20court. You can also find Alaska and the islands like Hawaii. (Most of the time.). A lawyer appointed by the President in each judicial district to prosecute and defend cases for the federal government. Attorneys who appear as the government's attorneys in individual cases. 165.227.80.183 With probation, instead of sending an individual to prison, the court releases the person to the community and orders him or her to complete a period of supervision monitored by a U.S. probation officer and to abide by certain conditions. Yes! The Supreme Court has issued its long-awaited decision in Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith, a fair use case that raised fundamental questions about rights and obligations of commercial artists. See also felony. Example: Two five-year sentences and one three-year sentence, if served concurrently, result in a maximum of five years behind bars. An attorney employed by the federal courts on a full-time basis to provide legal defense to defendants who are unable to afford counsel. Most forms of ADR are not binding, and involve referral of the case to a neutral party such as an arbitrator or mediator. A concurring opinion agrees with the decision of the majority opinion, but offers further comment or clarification or even an entirely different reason for reaching the same result. Federal civil juries consist of at least six persons. district court synonyms, district court pronunciation, district court translation, English dictionary definition of district court. Property of all kinds, including real and personal, tangible and intangible. Roadways to the Bench: Who Me? Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in at least partial satisfaction of the other party's claims, but usually do not include the admission of fault. A judgment of guilt against a criminal defendant. An order issued by the U.S. Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case which it will hear on appeal. In civil law, the legal rights of someone who confronts an adverse action threatening liberty or property. Each district court has one or more meeting places at which it holds hearings and conducts business. [3] American Samoa does not have a district court or a federal territorial court, and so federal matters there are sent to either the District of Columbia or Hawaii. When it comes to the Midwest region, youre looking at the area from Ohio to North Dakota. When a mistrial is declared, the trial must start again with the selection of a new jury. A trial without a jury, in which the judge serves as the fact-finder. If all the judges completely agree on the result, one judge will write the opinion for all. The representative of the bankruptcy estate who exercises statutory powers, principally for the benefit of the unsecured creditors, under the general supervision of the court and the direct supervision of the U.S. trustee or bankruptcy administrator. The purpose of this site is to provide information from and about the Judicial Branch of the U.S. Government. Appellate review de novo implies no deference to the trial judge's ruling. A claim for which a specific value has not been determined. A claim or debt for which a creditor holds no special assurance of payment, such as a mortgage or lien; a debt for which credit was extended based solely upon the creditor's assessment of the debtor's future ability to pay. Lists submitted by the debtor along with the petition (or shortly thereafter) showing the debtor's assets, liabilities, and other financial information. A judge's written explanation of the decision of the court. Probation and Pretrial Services System carries out probation and pretrial services functions in the U.S. district courts. Common reasons include allegations that the debt to be discharged was incurred by false pretenses or that debt arose because of the debtor's fraud while acting as a fiduciary. A federal judge who, after attaining the requisite age and length of judicial experience, takes senior status, thus creating a vacancy among a court's active judges. Address . The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States, which relies on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. WebPre-solicitation Fiscal Year 2024 Treatment Services Solicitation Notice: The Procurement Management Division of the Administrative Office has posted the Fiscal Year 2024 A court-approved mechanism under which two or more cases can be administered together. A list of common abbreviations and acronyms is attached. ERPR. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. A judge's statement about someone's rights. The date the district court was established as a court or the date it was subdivided from a larger district. Compare to senior judge. For example, in some states the debtor may be able to exempt all or a portion of the equity in the debtor's primary residence (homestead exemption), or some or all "tools of the trade" used by the debtor to make a living (i.e., auto tools for an auto mechanic or dental tools for a dentist). WebLooking for the abbreviation of United States District Court? This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The debtor, U.S. trustee or bankruptcy administrator, case trustee, and creditors are parties in interest for most matters. In appellate courts, often refers to an unsigned opinion. A bankruptcy case in which the debtor is a business or an individual involved in business and the debts are for business purposes. Sometimes, a citation includes an abbreviation for the court that decided the case and/or the state where the case was decided. W.D. The disputed point between parties in a lawsuit; 2. [2] Appeals from the district courts are made to one of the 13 courts of appeals, organized geographically. A release of a debtor from personal liability for certain dischargeable debts. WebIt lists tribunal identifiers made of the first letters of each word of a tribunal's name. The largest courts by number of judges are the Central District of California and the Southern District of New York, each with 28 judgeships. (Face sheet filings are often made for the purpose of delaying an eviction or foreclosure. Damages may be compensatory (for loss or injury) or punitive (to punish and deter future misconduct). Because each reporter series begins with volume 1, it is important to include the correct series designation in your citation if your case appears in a second, third, fourth, or later series. The property subject to the lien is the secured creditor's collateral. In a civil case, the person or organization against whom the plaintiff brings suit; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7d1015c11cdc19d3 A private individual or corporation appointed in all Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 cases to represent the interests of the bankruptcy estate and the debtor's creditors. The time within which a lawsuit must be filed or a criminal prosecution begun. A lawsuit brought by a landlord against a tenant to evict the tenant from rental property usually for nonpayment of rent. "United States District Court." If a case is published in more than one reporter, A federal judge who is appointed for life, during "good behavior," under Article III of the Constitution. The system's mission reflects its dedication to serve the community, the courts, and the people who come before the courts. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. A written document prepared by the chapter 11 debtor or other plan proponent that is designed to provide "adequate information" to creditors to enable them to evaluate the chapter 11 plan of reorganization. A pretrial motion requesting the court to prohibit the other side from presenting, or even referring to, evidence on matters said to be so highly prejudicial that no steps taken by the judge can prevent the jury from being unduly influenced. Income not reasonably necessary for the maintenance or support of the debtor or dependents. the federal trial court sitting in each district of the United States. Courthouse, SOUTHERN DIVISION (Santa Ana)Ronald Reagan Federal Building & U.S. The number of district courts in a court of appeals' circuit varies between one and thirteen, depending on the number of states in the region and the number of districts in each state. Evidence presented by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Here is an example of a legal case citation broken down by its parts: 230 S.W.3d 88. 50 Common Court Abbreviations District and Municipal Court Information System. 21. Review the abbreviations for the courts found in the northeast region below. A debt that cannot be eliminated in bankruptcy. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government. WebThe first federal probation officer was appointed in 1927 in the District of Massachusetts. A written or printed statement made under oath. The availability and amount of property the debtor may exempt depends on the state the debtor lives in. Judges will generally "follow precedent" - meaning that they use the principles established in earlier cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues. (There is an official form for this purpose.). All interests of the debtor in property at the time of the bankruptcy filing. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial. The U.S. federal court system is vast. While "U.S." is often used in case reporter headings, it is not allowed by the Bluebook because "U.S." is the preferred abbreviation for the United States Reports, the official report for United States Supreme Court decisions. To separate. Courthouse, EASTERN DIVISION (Riverside)George E. Brown, Jr. Federal Building & U.S. Each organization is supervised by a federal public defender appointed by the court of appeals for the circuit. District Judge. Certain property owned by an individual debtor that the Bankruptcy Code or applicable state law permits the debtor to keep from unsecured creditors. For this purpose, an ordinal number such as 2d, 3d, or 4th is treated as the U.S. District Court for D.C., or other federal courts, irrespective of the year decided. Often means outside the presence of a jury and the public. A senior judge retains the judicial office and may cut back his or her workload by as much as 75 percent, but many opt to keep a larger caseload. To save this word, you'll need to log in. A court order preventing one or more named parties from taking some action. A transfer of a debtor's property with the debtor's consent. Common law principles can be changed by legislation. The law as established in previous court decisions. Accessed 2 Jun. Because there could be several United States District Courts inside one state, a researcher unfamiliar with a state may need to look up the court abbreviation to determine which court is referenced in the citation. Notable exceptions to dischargeability are taxes and student loans. Sign up for our weekly newsletters and get: By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions A lawsuit arising in or related to a bankruptcy case that begins by filing a complaint with the court, that is, a "trial" that takes place within the context of a bankruptcy case. The district court must find that the claims of the class members contain questions of law or fact in common before the lawsuit can proceed as a class action. The largest courthouse is the Thomas F. Eagleton United States Courthouse, which serves the Eastern District of Missouri.[5]. There are also specialty federal courts like the Trade Court of International Trade and the Court of Claims. The information in Appendix 2 These additional references are sometimes referred to as parallel citations. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. Examples include a home mortgage, debts for alimony or child support, certain taxes, debts for most government funded or guaranteed educational loans or benefit overpayments, debts arising from death or personal injury caused by driving while intoxicated or under the influence of drugs, and debts for restitution or a criminal fine included in a sentence on the debtor's conviction of a crime. 101-1330), the federal bankruptcy law. Some debts, such as debts for money or property obtained by false pretenses and debts for fraud or defalcation while acting in a fiduciary capacity may be declared nondischargeable only if a creditor timely files and prevails in a nondischargeability action. Any mode or means by which a debtor disposes of or parts with his/her property. Send us feedback about these examples. In criminal cases, the government has the burden of proving the defendant's guilt. It indicates whether a jurisdiction has rules governing public domain citation, and it provides URLs and citations to infor - mation relevant to legal citation in federal, state, and territorial jurisdictions. 2023. A debt secured by property that is worth less than the amount of the debt. A change of venue is a change or transfer of a case from one judicial district to another. An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions. Akin to common law, which springs from tradition and judicial decisions. WebCommon case abbreviations Law reports and medium neutral citations If the abbreviation in your case citation is not in this list, jump to Searching for abbreviations for more tools. The number of locations at which the court hears cases. As noted above, the court is omitted if it is the highest court in the state. The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for "liquidation," that is, the sale of a debtor's nonexempt property and the distribution of the proceeds to creditors. A command, issued under a court's authority, to a witness to appear and give testimony. The judiciary administers the federal defender program pursuant to the Criminal Justice Act. See also precedent. The official decision of a court finally resolving the dispute between the parties to the lawsuit. These volumes are known asreporters. The number of cases handled by a judge or a court. Search for abbreviations 1. Under Kansas law, child support, once it becomes past due, is a judgment. An injunction that automatically stops lawsuits, foreclosures, garnishments, and most collection activities against the debtor the moment a bankruptcy petition is filed. The duty to prove disputed facts. See also grand jury. Only the majority opinion can serve as binding precedent in future cases. Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. Prison terms for two or more offenses to be served one after the other. The value of a debtor's interest in property that remains after liens and other creditors' interests are considered. A federal misdemeanor punishable by six months or less in prison. A lawsuit in which one or more members of a large group, or class, of individuals or other entities sue on behalf of the entire class. Britannica English: Translation of district court for Arabic Speakers, Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about district court. A report prepared by a court's probation officer, after a person has been convicted of an offense, summarizing for the court the background information needed to determine the appropriate sentence. DIST - Disti - DISTN - DISTP - DISTR - DISTRO - DISU - DISUM - DISWF - DISXD. (There is an official form for bankruptcy petitions.). If the debtor operates a business, disposable income is defined as those amounts over and above what is necessary for the payment of ordinary operating expenses. https://www.abbreviations.com/abbreviation/United+States+District+Court. [1] Each of the 50 states has between one and four district courts, and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico each have a district court. In this case, the deciding court was the S.D. (Example: If a house valued at $60,000 is subject to a $30,000 mortgage, there is $30,000 of equity.). A writ of habeas corpus generally is a judicial order forcing law enforcement authorities to produce a prisoner they are holding, and to justify the prisoner's continued confinement. It also is used as a synonym for venue, meaning the geographic area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to decide cases. Property of a debtor that can be liquidated to satisfy claims of creditors. Latin, meaning "of its own will." Abbreviations to Federal Court Reporters Mar 1, 2021 9:23 AM Something that exists by operation of law. A Chapter 7 case in which there are no assets available to satisfy any portion of the creditors' unsecured claims. The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for adjustment of debts of a "family farmer" or "family fisherman," as the terms are defined in the Bankruptcy Code. A formal accusation by a government attorney that the defendant committed a misdemeanor. The rules for conducting a lawsuit; there are rules of civil procedure, criminal procedure, evidence, bankruptcy, and appellate procedure. Also, can refer to the amount of bond money posted as a financial condition of pretrial release. This page was last edited on 22 March 2023, at 05:00. An offense punishable by one year of imprisonment or less. The abbreviations for military courts include: There are quite a few district and federal courts in the United States. Procedures used to obtain disclosure of evidence before trial. A debt that should have been listed by the debtor in the schedules filed with the court but was not. The trustee may also bring actions against creditors or the debtor to recover property of the bankruptcy estate. The release, prior to trial, of a person accused of a crime, under specified conditions designed to assure that person's appearance in court when required. To keep them all straight, learn the different federal and district court abbreviations that might appear on court documents. A written account of the proceedings in a case, including all pleadings, evidence, and exhibits submitted in the course of the case. The courts hear civil and criminal cases, and each is paired with a bankruptcy court. WebA judicial officer of a district court who conducts initial proceedings in criminal cases, decides criminal misdemeanor cases, conducts many pretrial civil and criminal matters on The process of calling a witness's testimony into doubt. Judges sometimes use "court" to refer to themselves in the third person, as in "the court has read the briefs.". WebA district court may grant each side in a civil or criminal trial the right to exclude a certain number of prospective jurors without cause or giving a reason. A Bankruptcy or Magistrate Judge? A request by a creditor to allow the creditor to take action against the debtor or the debtor's property that would otherwise be prohibited by the automatic stay. A person appointed in a Chapter 7 case to represent the interests of the bankruptcy estate and the creditors. A reorganization bankruptcy, usually involving a corporation or partnership. Pretrial services officers focus on investigating the backgrounds of these persons to help the court determine whether to release or detain them while they await trial. ARREARS : Money which is overdue and unpaid. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. A term used to describe evidence that may be considered by a jury or judge in civil and criminal cases. Section 707(b)(2) of the Bankruptcy Code applies a "means test" to determine whether an individual debtor's chapter 7 filing is presumed to be an abuse of the Bankruptcy Code requiring dismissal or conversion of the case (generally to chapter 13). A series of questions the debtor must answer in writing concerning sources of income, transfers of property, lawsuits by creditors, etc. If the court orders release, a pretrial services officer supervises the person in the community until he or she returns to court. A director, officer, or person in control of the debtor; a partnership in which the debtor is a general partner; a general partner of the debtor; or a relative of a general partner, director, officer, or person in control of the debtor. The informal name for title 11 of the United States Code (11 U.S.C. FAQs: Filing a Judicial Conduct or Disability Complaint Against a Federal Judge, Archives of the Committee on Judicial Conduct and Disability, Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation Fees, Federal Court Interpreter Certification Examination, National Court Interpreter Database (NCID) Gateway, Transfer of Excess Judiciary Personal Property, Electronic Public Access Public User Group, Statistical Tables for the Federal Judiciary, Asset Management Planning Process Handbook, Judiciary Conferences That Cost More Than $100,000, Long Range Plan for Information Technology, Proposed Amendments Published for Public Comment, Laws and Procedures Governing the Work of the Rules Committees, How to Suggest a Change to Federal Court Rules and Forms, How to Submit Input on a Pending Proposal, Open Meetings and Hearings of the Rules Committee, Permitted Changes to Official Bankruptcy Forms, Congressional and Supreme Court Rules Packages, Preliminary Drafts of Proposed Rule Amendments, Confidentiality Regulations for Pretrial Services Information, Overview of Probation and Supervised Release Conditions. A complete collection of every document filed in court in a case. Web007 Civil district courts 008 Family district courts 009 Juvenile district courts 010 Adult probation interstate compact 011 Civil county courts 012 Homicide investigation 025 State charge from other Texas county 035 Fugitive out of state {other than Texas} 036 In-transit prisoner 037 Texas National Guard 038 Army 039 Navy 040 Marines A formal request for the protection of the federal bankruptcy laws. A written statement submitted in a trial or appellate proceeding that explains one side's legal and factual arguments. (Giving debtors a fresh start is one purpose of the Bankruptcy Code.). In the jury selection process, the group of potential jurors; 3. The listindicates how many series have been published for each reporter and which states are covered by each reporter. A written statement that begins a civil lawsuit, in which the plaintiff details the claims against the defendant. Latin, meaning "in law." The U.S. District Court, District of Arizona is now taking Criminal Debt Payments online via Pay.gov. Note: Defunct courts do not include courts consisting of an entire state that were later subdivided. This site is maintained by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on behalf of the Federal Judiciary. The majority of civil lawsuits require proof "by a preponderance of the evidence" (50 percent plus), but in some the standard is higher and requires "clear and convincing" proof. A Bankruptcy or Magistrate Judge? The decision of a trial jury or a judge that determines the guilt or innocence of a criminal defendant, or that determines the final outcome of a civil case. Special condition the court imposes to require an individual to undergo evaluation and treatment for a mental disorder. A penalty or other type of enforcement used to bring about compliance with the law or with rules and regulations. Abbreviations.com. A special condition the court imposes that requires an individual to remain at home except for certain approved activities such as work and medical appointments. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. U.S. Jurisdictions..T1 Foreign JurisdictionsT2 Court Names.T7 Geographical Terms..T10 Date or YearR10.5 Month Abbreviations.T12 Blue Pages Court & DateB5.1.3 Typeface Conventions These are the specialty courts that handle military criminal cases. I want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary. Cal. The deadline can vary, depending on the type of civil case or the crime charged. A bankruptcy case filed either without schedules or with incomplete schedules listing few creditors and debts. Latin, meaning "you have the body." The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for the adjustment of debts of an individual with regular income, often referred to as a "wage-earner" plan. The Overview of Probation and Supervised Release Conditions is intended to be a resource for defendants, judges, probation officers, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and other criminal justice practitioners. These links are provided for the user's convenience. Abuse is presumed if the debtor's aggregate current monthly income (see definition above) over 5 years, net of certain statutorily allowed expenses is more than (i) $10,000, or (ii) 25% of the debtor's nonpriority unsecured debt, as long as that amount is at least $6,000. A debtor's detailed description of how the debtor proposes to pay creditors' claims over a fixed period of time. A judge will disregard precedent if a party can show that the earlier case was wrongly decided, or that it differed in some significant way from the current case. Your IP: USED IN CIRCUIT COURT CASES ONLY. When you have a court case that makes it to the federal court level, the first courts it will go through are the district courts. The release of a prison inmate granted by the U.S. Parole Commission after the inmate has completed part of his or her sentence in a federal prison. Federal criminal juries consist of 12 persons. Any relative of the debtor or of a general partner of the debtor; partnership in which the debtor is a general partner; general partner of the debtor; or corporation of which the debtor is a director, officer, or person in control. A court decision in an earlier case with facts and legal issues similar to a dispute currently before a court. 1. A special type of chapter 11 case in which there is no creditors' committee (or the creditors' committee is deemed inactive by the court) and in which the debtor is subject to more oversight by the U.S. trustee than other chapter 11 debtors. Something that exists in fact but not as a matter of law. A legal procedure for dealing with debt problems of individuals and businesses; specifically, a case filed under one of the chapters of title 11 of the United States Code (the Bankruptcy Code). A person called upon by either side in a lawsuit to give testimony before the court or jury. Generally refers to two events in individual bankruptcy cases: (1) the "individual or group briefing" from a nonprofit budget and credit counseling agency that individual debtors must attend prior to filing under any chapter of the Bankruptcy Code; and (2) the "instructional course in personal financial management" in chapters 7 and 13 that an individual debtor must complete before a discharge is entered. Now, without the option of parole, the term of imprisonment the court imposes is the actual time the person spends in prison. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. A procedure for settling a dispute outside the courtroom. If all the judges do not agree, the formal decision will be based upon the view of the majority, and one member of the majority will write the opinion. 22. AGJ--AMENDED DOWN BY GRAND JURY An action taken by the grand jury to change an offense to a lesser degree resulting in a possible decrease in penalty. A trustee's or creditor's objection to the debtor being released from personal liability for certain dischargeable debts. No contest. Jury selection process of questioning prospective jurors, to ascertain their qualifications and determine any basis for challenge. Find out what is the most common shorthand of United States District Court on Abbreviations.com! WebUSDC United States District Court . A command to a witness to appear and produce documents. The type of charge and offense are listed. An official of the Judicial branch with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts. An allegation in an indictment or information, charging a defendant with a crime. Many federal courthouses are named after notable judges, such as the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse in New York City or the Hugo L. Black Courthouse in Birmingham. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority opinion because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law the majority used to decide the case. In private. and 2 Jun 2023. The formal naming convention for the district courts is "UUnited States District Court for" followed by the district name. Each district court has one or more meeting places at which it holds hearings and conducts business. WebAFF--AFFIRMED Circuit court upheld decision/verdict rendered in district court case. Write Dear J udge to a jurist on the Superior A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something (e.g., injunction). The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court; chief judges are determined by seniority. Not subject to a court ruling because the controversy has not actually arisen, or has ended. The most widely used test for evaluating undue hardship in the dischargeability of a student loan includes three conditions: (1) the debtor cannot maintain based on current income and expenses a minimal standard of living if forced to repay the loans; (2) there are indications that the state of affairs is likely to persist for a significant portion of the repayment period; and (3) the debtor made good faith efforts to repay the loans. The district courts were established by Congress under Article III of the United States Constitution. A civil, not criminal, wrong. The U.S. Attorney employs a staff of Assistant U.S. Latin, meaning in a judge's chambers. Federal judges receive petitions for a writ of habeas corpus from state prison inmates who say their state prosecutions violated federally protected rights in some way. The debtor may then retain the property. An agreement between two or more people that creates an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. In the U.S., youll find different regions. WebLegal abbreviations for Australian and international law reports, law journals, legal organisations, courts, etc. The followingis a listof standard abbreviations for California case reporters. Court action that prevents an identical lawsuit from being filed later. Example: Two five-year sentences and one three-year sentence, if served consecutively, result in a maximum of 13 years behind bars. Courthouse, George E. Brown, Jr. Federal Building & U.S. Written statements filed with the court that describe a party's legal or factual assertions about the case. While lawyers do their case law research online these days, case citations still refer to the print volumes where cases were originally published. A secured creditor is an individual or business that holds a claim against the debtor that is secured by a lien on property of the estate. Home; Subject guides; Legal abbreviations; Crabbe's US District Court Reports (USA) 1836-1846 (District of Pennsylvania) CRAC: Canadian Reports, Appeal Cases 1828-1913: Craig & Ph: Craig & Court authorization, most often for law enforcement officers, to conduct a search or make an arrest.
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