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When his father's ring was sent to him, he begged that his father would show mercy to his mother, and that all his companions would plead with Henry to set her free. Their marriage was annulled in 1152, and Louis maintained custody of their daughters. Upon reaching Bordeaux, he left Eleanor and Petronilla in the charge of the Archbishop of Bordeaux, one of the Duke's few loyal vassals who could be entrusted with the safety of the duke's daughters. As well as being Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, she was queen consort of France 1137-1152 and queen consort of England 1154-1189. John Speed, in his 1611 work History of Great Britain, mentions the possibility that Eleanor had a son named Philip, who died young. From there 'the younger Henry, devising evil against his father from every side by the advice of the French King, went secretly into Aquitaine where his two youthful brothers, Richard and Geoffrey, were living with their mother, and with her connivance, so it is said, he incited them to join him'. The King did not announce the arrest publicly. From there 'the younger Henry, devising evil against his father from every side by the advice of the French King, went secretly into Aquitaine where his two youthful brothers, Richard and Geoffrey, were living with their mother, and with her connivance, so it is said, he incited them to join him'. The duke then set out for the Shrine of Saint James of Compostela, in the company of other pilgrims; however, he died on Good Friday 9 April 1137.[4][5]. Archbishop Sampson received assurances from Louis that Eleanor's lands would be restored to her. On 13 August, 1189, Richard sailed from Barfleur to Portsmouth, and was received with enthusiasm. This notorious affair caused a monkish scribe with a gift for Latin to transcribe Rosamond's name to "Rosa Immundi", or "Rose of Unchastity". However, until a husband was found, the King had the legal right to Eleanor's lands. Her husband was succeeded by their son, Richard the Lionheart, who soon released his mother. She stayed for two months at the Castilian court. She stayed in Normandy for six months. Eleanor of Aquitaine is considered by many to have been the most powerful and enlightened woman of her age, if not the entire medieval epoch. Eleanor and Henry, despite the rebellion of their children, and the times in which they lived, lived out their years with relative happiness. The rebellion was put down, however, and fifty-year-old Eleanor was imprisoned by Henry in various fortified buildings for the next fifteen years. Her court style was to encourage the cult of courtly love. The period between Henry's accession and the birth of Eleanor's youngest son was turbulent: Aquitaine, as was the norm, defied the authority of Henry as Eleanor's husband; attempts to claim Toulouse, the rightful inheritance of Eleanor's grandmother and father, were made, ending in failure; the news of Louis of France's widowhood and remarriage was followed by the marriage of Henry's son (young Henry) to Louis' daughter Marguerite; and, most climactically, the feud between the King and Thomas Becket, his Chancellor, and later his Archbishop of Canterbury. Eleanor was widowed on 6 July 1189. Eleanor was named for her mother Aenor and called Alinor, from the Latin alia Aenor, which means the other Aenor. King Alfonso VIII and Queen Leonora of Castile had two remaining unmarried daughters, Urraca and Blanche. On August 13, 1189, Richard sailed from Barfleur to Portsmouth, and was received with enthusiasm. She gave Louis a wedding present that is still in existence, a rock crystal vase, currently on display at the Louvre. Although they escaped this predicament unharmed, stormy weather served to drive Eleanor's ship far to the south (to the Barbary Coast), and to similarly lose her husband. However, despite his mistresses and Eleanor's imprisonment, Eleanor once remarked, "My marriage to Henry was a much happier one than my marriage to Louis." She became heiress to Aquitaine (the largest and richest of the provinces in what would become modern France) and 7 other countries, after the death of her brother, William Aigret, at age 4, along with their mother. On 8 July, 1174, Henry took ship for England from Barfleur. 1167 saw the marriage of Eleanor's third daughter, Matilda, to Henry the Lion of Saxony; Eleanor remained in England with her daughter for the year prior to Matilda's departure to Normandy in September. She did not have the opportunity to see her sons very often during her imprisonment, though she was released for special occasions such as Christmas. On the day set for the crossing of Mount Cadmos, Louis chose to take charge of the rear of the column, where the unarmed pilgrims and the baggage trains marched. While Richard was on a Crusade she ruled the country very skillfully. Eleanor, aged about fifteen, became the Duchess of Aquitaine, and thus the most eligible heiress in Europe. She gave Louis a wedding present that is still in existence, a rock crystal vase, currently on display at the Louvre. Matilda's next youngest sister, Eleanor, was born in October 1162 (1161 has also been suggested, but most sources agree on 1162) at Domfront Castle in Normandy. Louis became involved in a war with Count Theobald of Champagne by permitting Raoul I of Vermandois and seneschal of France, to repudiate his wife (Leonora), Theobald's niece, and to marry Petronilla of Aquitaine, Eleanor's sister. In response to this, Bernard became more kindly towards her: "My child, seek those things which make for peace. Louis was directed by the Church to visit Jerusalem instead. Eleanor was named for her mother Aenor and called Alinor, from the Latin alia Aenor, which means the other Aenor. Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122 - 1204) married Prince Louis of France, later Louis VII of France (1120 - 1180), on July 25, 1137. Nevertheless contemporaries undoubtedly respected him as a mighty prince and a brave knight." Although the ideal beauty of the time was a silvery blonde with blue eyes, she may have inherited her colouring from her father and grandfather, who were both brown-eyed with copper-red hair. As well as being Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, she was queen consort of France 11371152 and queen consort of England 11541189., Queen, Monarch, By Louis VII of France (married 12 July 1137, annulled 21 March 1152), Marie, Countess of Champagne 1145 11 March 1198 married Henry I, Count of Champagne; had issue, Alix, Countess of Blois 1151 1198 married Theobald V, Count of Blois; had issue, By Henry II of England (married 18 May 1152, widowed 6 July 1189), William, Count of Poitiers 17 August 1153 April 1156 never married; no issue, Henry the Young King 28 February 1155 11 June 1183 married Marguerite of France; no issue, Matilda, Duchess of Saxony June 1156 13 July 1189 married Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony; had issue, Richard I of England 8 September 1157 6 April 1199 married Berengaria of Navarre; no issue, Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany 23 September 1158 19 August 1186 married Constance, Duchess of Brittany; had issue, Leonora, Queen of Castile 13 October 1162 31 October 1214 married Alfonso VIII of Castile; had issue, Joan, Queen of Sicily October 1165 4 September 1199 married 1) William II of Sicily 2) Raymond VI of Toulouse; had issue, John of England 24 December 1167 19 October 1216 married 1) Isabella, Countess of Gloucester 2) Isabella of Angoulme; had issue. Richard and John became, in turn, kings of England. Pope Eugenius III did not, as Eleanor had hoped, grant a divorce; instead, he attempted to reconcile Eleanor and Louis, confirming the legality of their marriage, and proclaiming that no word could be spoken against it, and that it might not be dissolved under any pretext. It was at this point that the Turks, who had been following and feinting for many days, seized their opportunity and attacked those who had not yet crossed the summit. Birth of Marie Capet de France, comtesse de Champagne, Birth of Alice de France, Comtesse de Blois, "Princess Eleanor of Aquitaine", "Queen Consort of England and France", "Alinor dAquitaine", "lonore de Guyenne", "Countesse of Poitiers et Duchesse of Aquitaine", "Eleanor of Aquitaine", "Elbeonore Of /Aquitaine/", "Eleanora", "Que", "Duchess of Aquitaine", "Queen ", Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France, One of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages. Rather than act as guardian to the Duchess and duchy, he decided, he would marry the duchess to his heir and bring Aquitaine under the French Crown, thereby greatly increasing the power and prominence of France and the Capets. [1] There is, however, an earlier Eleanor on record: Eleanor of Normandy, William the Conqueror's aunt, who lived a century earlier than Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 2004, Catherine Muschamp's one-woman play, Mother of the Pride, toured the UK with Eileen Page in the title role. [5], [edit] Myth of the "Court of Love" in Poitiers This section does not cite any references or sources. She was followed by some of her royal ladies-in-waiting as well as 300 non-noble vassals. In a matter of weeks, peace had returned to France: Theobald's provinces had been returned, and Pierre de la Chatre was installed as Archbishop of Bourges. When war broke out between John and Philip, Eleanor declared her support for John, and set out from Fontevrault for her capital Poitiers to prevent her grandson Arthur, John's enemy, from taking control. Likely, Rosamond was one weapon in Henry's efforts to provoke Eleanor into seeking an annulment (this flared in October 1175). As Queen of the Franks, she participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade. Ruler of two nations, mother to kings and queens, leader of a crusade: Eleanor of Aquitaine was a savvy power player in medieval France and England. She was reared in Europe's most cultured court of her time, the birthplace of courtly love. [edit]Inheritance, In 1137, Duke William X set out from Poitiers to Bordeaux, taking his daughters with him. The city of Antioch had been annexed by Bohemond of Hauteville in the First Crusade, and it was now ruled by Eleanor's flamboyant uncle, Raymond of Antioch, who had gained the principality by marrying its reigning Princess, Constance of Antioch. Louis accordingly bolted the gates of Bourges against the new Bishop; the Pope, recalling William X's similar attempts to exile Innocent's supporters from Poitou and replace them with priests loyal to himself, blamed Eleanor, saying that Louis was only a child and should be taught manners. On Saturday, 11 June 1183, the Young King realized he was dying and was overcome with remorse for his sins. This aroused Eleanor's horror and contempt, along with most of Europe's. She was the sister of Eleanor of Aquitaine, who was Queen consort of France and England. ^ Meade, Marion (2002). He was the crusader king; much of today's heraldic traditions stem from the Crusades, inheriting some Middle Easter. She and Blanche rode in easy stages to the valley of the Loire, and she entrusted Blanche to the Archbishop of Bordeaux, who took over as her escort. She was imprisoned between 1173 and 1189 for supporting her son's revolt against King Henry II. She inherited the duchy of Aquitaine and married the heir to the French throne. Pierre de la Chatre was given refuge by Theobald II, Count of Champagne. 9. As soon as they disembarked at Southampton, Eleanor was taken away either to Winchester Castle or Sarum Castle and held there. In 1141, the archbishopric of Bourges became vacant, and the King put forward as a candidate one of his chancellors, Cadurc, whilst vetoing the one suitable candidate, Pierre de la Chatre, who was promptly elected by the canons of Bourges and consecrated by the Pope. and, William Ix, Count of Poitiers, Henry The Young King, Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile, Joan of En Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France, Alinor d'Aquitaine, Queen Consort of England, Eleonora Akvitaniet, Queen Consort of England, Leonor de Aquitania, Queen Consort of England, Distinguished Matriarchs of Noble Bloodlines, Ancestors of Robert Harry Chapman - Carpenter's Son, Eleanor of Chtellerault, Duchess of Aquitaine, Marie Capet de France, comtesse de Champagne, Eleanor of England, Queen consort of Castile, Joan Plantagenet of England, Queen of Sicily, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine. She and Blanche rode in easy stages to the valley of the Loire, and she entrusted Blanche to the Archbishop of Bordeaux, who took over as her escort. In early summer, Eleanor was ill and John visited her at Fontevrault. Possibly one of her wisest acts was to travel to Spain to chose and collect her thirteen year old grand daughter Blanche of Castile to become the bride of Louis VIII of France, the grandson of her first husband Louis VII! ^ Eleanor of Aquitaine. Even before the Crusade, Eleanor and Louis were becoming estranged. By the time of her death she had outlived all of her children except for King John and Leonora, Queen of Castile. In March 1173, aggrieved at his lack of power and egged on by his father's enemies, the younger Henry launched the Revolt of 11731174. Eleanor then returned to Fontevrault where she took the veil as a nun. Her personality, as she grew older, owed a lot to this atmosphere of civility. Running from one end of Europe to another, she often risked her life in her efforts to maintain the loyalty of the English subjects, cement marriage alliances, and manage her army and estates. ), Queen consort of Louis VII of France (1137-80) and Henry II of England (1152-89), the most powerful woman of 12th-century Europe. Eleanor's reputation was further sullied by her supposed affair with her uncle Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch. Eleanor of Aquitaine is considered by many to have been the most powerful and enlightened woman of her age, if not the entire medieval epoch. Henry's troops besieged the town, forcing his son to flee. Over the next thirteen years, she bore Henry eight children: five sons, two of whom would become king, and three daughters. [2][5], Possessing a high-spirited nature, Eleanor was not popular with the staid northerners (according to sources, Louis mother, Adlaide de Maurienne, thought her flighty and a bad influence) she was not aided by memories of Queen Constance, the Provenal wife of Robert II, tales of whose immodest dress and language were still told with horror. Eleanor of Aquitaine (or Alinor), Duchess of Aquitaine and Gascony (old north Basque country) and Countess of Poitou (1122[1]1 April 1204) was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Europe during the High Middle Ages. When Eleanor declared her intention to stand with Raymond and the Aquitaine forces, Louis had her brought out by force. Recent scholarship has put forward new, original sources (letters to and from Eleanor. The story that she and her ladies dressed as Amazons is disputed by serious historians; however, her testimonial launch of the Second Crusade from Vzelay, the rumored location of Mary Magdalenes burial, dramatically emphasized the role of women in the campaign. In 1173 she led her three of her sons in a rebellion against Henry, surprising him with this act of aggression so seemingly unusual for a woman. By all accounts, Eleanor's father ensured that she had the best possible education. Eleanor of Aquitaine, (born c. 1122died April 1, 1204, Fontevrault, Anjou, Fr. William's and Aenor's marriage had been arranged by his father, William IX of Aquitaine the Troubadour, and her mother, Dangereuse, William IX's long-time mistress. As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for attaining title, William had dictated a will on the very day he died, bequeathing his domains to Eleanor and appointing King Louis VI (nicknamed "the Fat") as her guardian. Presenting a solemn and dignified manner to the grieving Aquitainian messengers, upon their departure he became overjoyed, stammering in delight. [9] Eleanor had had a dream in which she foresaw her son Henry's death. Champagne had also offended Louis by siding with the Pope in the dispute over Bourges. Eleanor and Henry were half, third cousins through their common ancestor Ermengarde of Anjou (wife to Robert I, Duke of Burgundy and Geoffrey, Count of Gtinais); they were also both descendants of Robert II of Normandy. She was Queen consort of both France and England in turn and the mother of both King Richard I and King John. Their daughters were declared legitimate and custody of them awarded to Louis, while Eleanor's lands were restored to her. The Crusade itself achieved little. Louis was a weak and ineffectual military leader with no concept of maintaining troop discipline or morale, or of making informed and logical tactical decisions. The King, however, was madly in love with his beautiful and worldly bride and granted her every whim, even though her behavior baffled and vexed him to no end. He fled to Paris. Still without a son and in danger of being left with no male heir, facing substantial opposition to Eleanor from many of his barons and her own desire for divorce, Louis had no choice but to bow to the inevitable. Geni requires JavaScript! Eleanor of Aquitaine (Alinor d'Aquitaine in French), Duchess of Aquitaine and Gascony and Countess of Poitou (1122[1] April 1, 1204) was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Europe during the High Middle Ages. 51. It became Elanor in the langues d'ol and Eleanor in English. In the spring of 1130, when Eleanor was eight, her four-year-old brother William Aigret and their mother died at the castle of Talmont, on Aquitaine's Atlantic coast. The character "Queen Elinor" appears in William Shakespeare's King John, along with other members of the family. Louis accordingly bolted the gates of Bourges against the new Bishop; the Pope, recalling William X's similar attempts to exile Innocent's supporters from Poitou and replace them with priests loyal to himself, blamed Eleanor, saying that Louis was only a child and should be taught manners. As soon as she arrived in Poitiers, Eleanor became engaged to the eleven years younger Henry II, Duke of the Normans. Blanche eventually proved a rival to Eleanor in political influence and success as queen of France. When her older sons were of age, her estrangement from her husband grew. Eleanor Of Aquitaine Sosa : 49,350,769 Born in 1122 - Chateau Belin, Gironde, Bordeaux, France Deceased 31 March 1204 - Fontevraud, Anjou, France,aged 82 years old Buried in 1204 - Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou, France Parents Duke William X Of Aquitaine 1099-1137 Aenor de Chatellerault 1103-1130/ Spouses and children In 1189, Henry died. [10]. [6] The Queen sent her younger sons to France 'to join with him against their father the King'. Her husband was succeeded by their son, Richard the Lionheart, who immediately moved to release his mother. [5] The Queen sent her younger sons to France 'to join with him against their father the King'. This brought the interdict upon the king's lands. The depiction of her in the play and film Becket contains historical inaccuracies, as acknowledged by the author, Jean Anouilh. ^ Ms. S. Berry, Senior Archivist at the Somerset Archive and Record Service, identified this "archdeacon of Wells" as Thomas of Earley, noting his family ties to Henry II and the Earleys' philanthropies (Power of a Woman, ch. Eleanor died in 1204 and was entombed in Fontevraud Abbey next to her husband Henry and her son Richard. 1. Eleanor has also featured in a number of screen versions of Ivanhoe and the Robin Hood story. He quarreled often wit, House House of Poitiers Father William X, Duke of Aquitaine Mother Aenor de Chtellerault Born 1122 or 1124 Poitiers, Bordeaux, or Nieul-sur-l'Autise Died 1 April 1204 (aged c. 81/82) Poitiers Burial Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud Religion Roman Catholicism. Louis was personally involved in the assault and burning of the town of Vitry. Eleanor was again unwell in early 1201. Likely, Rosamond was one weapon in Henry's efforts to provoke Eleanor into seeking an annulment (this flared in October 1175). Alison Weir 1999. On 25 October 1154 her husband ascended the throne of the Kingdom of England, making Eleanor Queen of the English. [citation needed] On 25 July 1137 the couple were married in the Cathedral of Saint-Andr in Bordeaux by the Archbishop of Bordeaux, Geoffrey de Lauroux[2] (in whose keeping Eleanor and Petronilla had been left). During her imprisonment, Eleanor had become more and more distant with her sons, especially Richard (who had always been her favorite). About four miles from Shrewsbury and close by Haughmond Abbey is "Queen Eleanor's Bower," the remains of a triangular castle which is believed to have been one of her prisons. Over the years they had 8 children. Upon reaching Bordeaux, he left Eleanor and Petronilla in the charge of the Archbishop of Bordeaux, one of the Duke's few loyal vassals, who could be entrusted with the safety of the Duke's daughters. 33, and endnote 40). By the time of her death she had outlived all of her children except for King John and Queen Leonora. His long march to Jerusalem and back north debilitated his army, but her imprisonment disheartened her knights, and the divided Crusade armies could not overcome the Muslim forces. If you will promise to do this, I in return promise to entreat the merciful Lord to grant you offspring.". Her half brothers, William and Joscelin, were acknowledged by William X as his sonsnot as his heirsand by his daughters as brothers. Within hours, then, Louis had arranged for his son, Prince Louis, to be married to Eleanor, with Abbot Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. She ruled England in Richard's name, signing herself as 'Eleanor, by the grace of God, Queen of England'. In 1183, Philip of France claimed that certain properties in Normandy belonged to The Young Queen but Henry insisted that they had once belonged to Eleanor and would revert to her upon her son's death. In debt and refused control of Normandy, he tried to ambush his father at Limoges. Eleanor succeeded her father as suo jure Duchess of Aquitaine and Countess of Poitiers at the age of fifteen, and thus became the most eligible bride in Europe. To his concerns regarding his new heir, Prince Louis (the former heir, Philip, having died from a riding accident), was added joy over the death of one of his most cantankerous vassals and the availability of the best Duchy in France. It appears that one activity in the court style was for 12 men and women to hear cases of love between individuals. ^ Kristiana Gregory, Crown Jewel of Aquitaine, 2002, p.182, 3. Just outside Poitiers she was ambushed and held captive by Hugh IX of Lusignan, which had long ago been sold by his forebears to Henry II. She then traversed the Alps, traveling all the way down the Italian peninsula, to bring Berengaria to Sicily. [2], Her conduct was repeatedly criticized by Church elders (particularly Bernard of Clairvaux and Abbot Suger) as indecorous. The marriage was now doomed. Accordingly, Louis declared on Christmas Day 1145 at Bourges his intention of going on a crusade. Clearly, Eleanor supported his desire to re-capture the nearby County of Edessa, the cause of the Crusade; in addition, having been close to him in their youth, she now showed excessive affection towards her uncle whilst many historians today dismiss this as familial affection (noting their early friendship, and his similarity to her father and grandfather), most at the time firmly believed the two to be involved in an incestuous and adulterous affair. Her tomb effigy shows her reading a Bible and is decorated with magnificent jewelry. Eleanor urged Louis to support her sister's illegitimate marriage to Raoul of Vermandois. The marriage was annulled on a technicality, and Eleanor left her two daughters by him to be raised in the French court. One of his first acts as king was to send William the Marshal to England with orders to release Eleanor from prison, but her custodians had already released her. Louis and Eleanor stayed in the Philopation palace, just outside the city walls. Late in March, Eleanor and her granddaughter Blanche journeyed back across the Pyrenees. She was released when the message of his death reached her prison. Her father, William X, was just as complex and colorful as his father, however known also for aggressiveness. Phoenix Press. On 11 March, 1152, they met at the royal castle of Beaugency to dissolve the marriage. Arthur learned of her whereabouts and besieged her in the castle of Mirabeau. In the Winter of 1199/1200 with the high age of 77 she travelled over the Pyreneeses to Castile to visit her daughter Aenor and accompany her granddaughter Blanca to France to marry the dauphin. [edit] Marriage to Henry II of England Henry II of England Henry II of England The marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry of Anjou and Henry's subsequent succession to the throne of England created an empire. [2] Although her native tongue was Poitevin, she was taught to read and speak Latin, was well versed in music and literature, and schooled in riding, hawking, and hunting. [3] She was about 11 years older than he, and related to him more closely than she had been to Louis. In later years she more often retired to e Abbey of Fontevraud where she died and was buried beside her husband and two of her children. She had only one other sibling, a younger sister named Aelith in Occitan, but always known by the name of Petronilla. One of his first acts as king was to send William the Marshal to England with orders to release Eleanor from prison, but her custodians had already released her when he demanded this. The proceedings of the court are speculative, though the legends of the court have endured. Prince Louis was sent to Bordeaux with an escort of 500 knights, as well as Abbot Suger, Count Theobald II of Champagne and Count Ralph of Vermandois. Eleanor was widowed on 6 July 1189. Her conduct was repeatedly criticized by Church elders (particularly Bernard of Clairvaux and Abbot Suger) as indecorous. Arthur learned of her whereabouts and besieged her in the castle of Mirabeau. However all was not well between Henry and Eleanor. 2. From the moment the Crusaders entered Asia Minor, the Crusade went badly. Archbishop Samson of Reims acted for Eleanor. By all accounts, Eleanor's father ensured she had the best education possible: she could read, speak Latin, and was well-versed in music and literature. Louis arrived in Bordeaux on 11 July, and the next day, accompanied by the Archbishop of Bordeaux, Geoffrey de Lauroux (in whose keeping Eleanor and Petronilla had been left), the couple were married in the Cathedral of Saint-Andr in Bordeaux. [edit] Second marriage Henry II of England The marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry of Anjou and Henry's subsequent succession to the throne of England created an empire. In eastern Europe, the French army was at times hindered by Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine Emperor, who feared that it would jeopardize the tenuous safety of his empire; however, during their 3-week stay at Constantinople, Louis was fted and Eleanor was much admired. She is compared with Penthesilea, mythical queen of the Amazons, by the Greek historian Nicetas Choniates; he adds that she gained the epithet chrysopous (golden-foot) from the cloth of gold that decorated and fringed her robe. The Duke also insisted to his companions that his death be kept a secret until Louis was informed the men were to journey from Saint James across the Pyrenees as quickly as possible, to call at Bordeaux to notify the Archbishop, and then to make all speed to Paris, to inform the King. She was also instrumental in developing trade agreements with Constantinople and ports of trade in the Holy Lands. The duke then set out for the Shrine of Saint James of Compostela in northwestern Basque country, in the company of other pilgrims; however, on April 9th (Good Friday), 1137 he was stricken with sickness, probably food poisoning. This brought the interdict upon the King's lands. Failing in this attempt, they retired to Jerusalem, and then home. His sources no longer exist and he alone mentions this birth.[4]. A marriage between Henry and Eleanor's daughter, Marie, had indeed been declared impossible for this very reason. Outraged, Louis swore upon relics that so long as he lived Pierre should never enter Bourges. [citation needed]. He died that evening, having bequeathed Aquitaine to Eleanor. Henry was given the title "the young king" by his father, although father Henry still ruled. Eleanor had only one other legitimate sibling, a younger sister named Aelith but always called Petronilla. "[Adelaide] perhaps [based] her preconceptions on another southerner, Constance of Provencetales of her allegedly immodest dress and language still continued to circulate amongst the sober Franks. One of Eleanor's rumoured lovers had been Henry's own father, Geoffrey of Anjou, who had advised his son to avoid any involvement with her. Afterwards, Eleanor proceeded to gather together her movable possessions in England and transport them on several ships in December to Argentan. By all accounts, Eleanor's father ensured that she had the best possible education. On 18 May, 1152 (Whit Sunday), six weeks after her annulment, Eleanor married Henry 'without the pomp and ceremony that befitted their rank'. She was reared in one of Europe's most cultured courts, the birthplace of courtly love. He brought Eleanor on the ship. ^ The exact date of Eleanor's birth is not known, but the year is known from the fact that the lords of Aquitaine swore fealty to her on her fourteenth birthday in 1136. Eleanor was imprisoned for the next sixteen years, much of the time in various locations in England. Eleanor and Henry were half, third cousins through their common ancestor Ermengarde of Anjou (wife to Robert I, Duke of Burgundy and Geoffrey, Count of Gtinais); they were also both descendants of Robert II of Normandy. More than a thousand people (1300, some say) who had sought refuge in the church died in the flames. Eleanor of Aquitaine ( c. 1122 - 1 April 1204; French: Alinor d'Aquitaine, pronounced [aljen dakitn]) was Queen of France from 1137 to 1152 as the wife of King Louis VII, [1] Queen of England from 1154 to 1189 as the wife of King Henry II, and Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right from 1137 until her death in 1204. The King did not announce the arrest publicly. He had met her in 1166 and began the liaison in 1173, supposedly contemplating divorce from Eleanor. Eleanor was imprisoned for the next sixteen years, much of the time in various locations in England. Despite his immense obesity and impending mortality, however, Louis the Fat remained clear-minded. As soon as John heard of this he marched south, overcame the besiegers and captured Arthur. On 25 October, 1154 her husband ascended the throne of the Kingdom of England, making Eleanor Queen of the English. William requested the king take care of both the lands and the duchess, and find a suitable husband for her. The war lasted two years (114244) and ended with the occupation of Champagne by the royal army. This was duly lifted for long enough to allow Theobald's lands to be restored; it was then lowered once more when Raoul refused to repudiate Petronilla, prompting Louis to return to the Champagne and ravage it once more. Despite his immense obesity and impending mortality, however, Louis the Fat remained clear-minded. Cease to stir up the King against the Church, and urge upon him a better course of action. Their spirits were buoyed on Christmas Eve when they chose to camp in the lush Dercervian valley near Ephesus, they were ambushed by a Turkish detachment; the French proceeded to slaughter this detachment and appropriate their camp. Thus, her holdings would not be merged with France until the next generation. However, there was a catch: the land would remain independent of France and Eleanor's oldest son would be both King of France and Duke of Aquitaine. The King sent Thomas of Earley, Archdeacon of Wells, to break the news to Eleanor at Sarum. As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title, William had dictated a will on the very day he died, bequeathing his domains to Eleanor and appointing King Louis VI of France as her guardian. On the accession of her son Richard I to kingship, Eleanor's fortunes rose again. The duke then set out for the Shrine of Saint James of Compostela, in the company of other pilgrims; however, on Good Friday 9 April 1137, he was stricken with sickness, possibly food poisoning. The royal marriage was annuled on 11 March, 1152, on the grounds of consanguinity within the fourth degree. The Duchy of Aquitaine was the largest and richest province of France; Poitou (where Eleanor spent most of her childhood) and Aquitaine together were almost one-third the size of modern France. Eleanor went back to England probably early in 1184. Henry lost his great love, Rosamund Clifford, in 1176. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. The marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry of Anjou and Henry's subsequent succession to the throne of England created an empire. King Alfonso VIII and Queen Leonora of Castile had two remaining unmarried daughters, Urraca and Blanche. When he was captured on his way home, she used her considerable influence to help raise the ransom and secure Richard's release. Louis then decided to directly cross the Phrygian mountains, in the hope of speeding his approach to take refuge with Eleanor's uncle Raymond in Antioch. Eleanor survived Richard and lived well into the reign of her youngest son King John. Louis became involved in a war with Count Theobald of Champagne by permitting Raoul I, Count of Vermandois and seneschal of France, to repudiate his wife Elonore of Blois, Theobald's sister, and to marry Petronilla of Aquitaine, Eleanor's sister. This brought the interdict upon the King's lands. She is well known for her involvement in the Second Crusade. [8] Over the next few years Eleanor often traveled with her husband and was sometimes associated with him in the government of the realm, but still had a custodian so that she was not free. John Speed, in his 1611 work History of Great Britain, mentions the possibility that Eleanor had a son named Philip, who died young. Eleanor or Alinor was the oldest of three children of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, and his duchess Aenor de Chtellerault, the daughter of Aimeric I, Vicomte of Chatellerault and countess Dangereuse, who was William IX, Duke of Aquitaine the Troubadour's longtime mistress as well as Eleanor's maternal grandmother. Horrified, and desiring an end to the war, Louis attempted to make peace with Theobald in exchange for supporting the lift of the interdict on Raoul and Petronilla. The official scapegoat for the disaster was Geoffrey de Rancon, who had made the decision to continue, and it was suggested that he be hanged (a suggestion which the King ignored). This tragedy was too much for the elderly Queen, who was fatigued and unable to continue to Normandy. Henry lost his great love, Rosamund Clifford, in 1176. Outraged, Louis swore upon relics that so long as he lived Pierre should never enter Bourges. After two decades of child bearing, putting up with his infidelities, vehemently disagreeing with some of his decisions, and, worst of all, having to share her independence and power, Eleanor may have hoped that her prize would have been the right to rule Aquitaine with her beloved third son Richard, and without Henry. Two lords Theobald of Blois, son of the Count of Champagne, and Geoffrey of Anjou (brother of Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy) tried to kidnap Eleanor to marry her and claim her lands on Eleanor's way to Poitiers. At a small cathedral still stands the stained glass commemorating Eleanor and Henry with a family tree growing from their prayers. Much money went into beautifying the austere Cite Palace in Paris for Eleanor's sake. Eleanor had only one other legitimate sibling, a younger sister named Aelith but always called Petronilla. However, until a husband was found, the king had the right to Eleanor's lands. Eventually, he arranged events so that Eleanor had no choice but to sleep with Louis in a bed specially prepared by the Pope. Some chronicles give her date of birth as 1120, but her parents almost certainly married in 1121. However, Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged. She has also been portrayed by Mary Clare in the silent film Becket (1923), based on a play by Alfred Lord Tennyson, Prudence Hyman in the British children's TV series Richard the Lionheart (1962), and Jane Lapotaire in the BBC TV drama series The Devil's Crown (1978), which dramatised the reigns of Henry II, Richard I and John. At the royal court, celebrated there that Christmas, she appears to have agreed to a separation from Henry. Although the ideal beauty of the time was a silvery blonde with blue eyes, she may have inherited her coloring from her father and grandfather, who were both brown-eyed with copper locks. [2] However, until a husband was found, the King had the legal right to Eleanor's lands. Much money went into beautifying the austere Cite Palace in Paris for Eleanor's sake. 10. However, there was a catch: the land would remain independent of France and Eleanor's oldest son would be both King of France and Duke of Aquitaine. Within hours, then, Louis had arranged for his son, Prince Louis, to be married to Eleanor, with Abbot Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. Henry then went about his own business outside Aquitaine, leaving Earl Patrick (his regional military commander) as her protective custodian. Archbishop Samson of Reims acted for Eleanor. Eleanor also, when almost seventy, rode over the Pyrenees to collect her candidate to be Richard's wife, (Berengaria, the daughter of King Sancho the Wise of Navarre). Beauty and determination infuse Frederick. During the Revolution her body was exhumed, her bones scattered and never recovered. In 1137, Duke William X set out from Poitiers to Bordeaux, taking his daughters with him. This was the beginning of a period of greater freedom for the still supervised Eleanor. Upon Henry's death on July 6, 1189, just days after suffering an injury from a jousting match, Richard was his undisputed heir. Had she done so, Henry might have appointed Eleanor abbess of Fontevrault (Fontevraud), requiring her to take a vow of poverty, thereby releasing her titles and nearly half their empire to him, but Eleanor was much too wily to be provoked into this. Aquitaine was the largest and richest province of France; Poitou and Aquitaine together were almost one-third the size of modern France. Eleanor of Aquitaine, also called Eleanor of Guyenne, French lonore or Alinor, d'Aquitaine or de Guyenne, (born c. 1122died April 1, 1204, Fontevrault, Anjou, France), queen consort of both Louis VII of France (1137-52) and Henry II of England (1152-1204) and mother of Richard I (the Lionheart) and John of England. Eleanor died in 1204 and was entombed in Fontevraud Abbey next to her husband Henry and near son Richard. Her parents' marriage had been arranged by Dangereuse with her paternal grandfather, the Troubadour. The King of France himself was also gravely ill at that time, suffering "a flux of the bowels" (dysentery) from which he seemed unlikely to recover. Petronilla of Aquitaine (c. 1125 - 1193) was the daughter of William X of Aquitaine and Aenor of Chtellerault. The French, with what remained of the Germans, then began to march in increasingly disorganized fashion, towards Antioch. Louis was personally involved in the assault and burning of the town of Vitry. More than a thousand people (1300, some say) who had sought refuge in the church died in the flames. Eleanor traveled constantly, even in her old age. Dismayed at her attitude, Bernard scolded her for her lack of penitence and her interference in matters of state. However, Henry and Eleanor eventually became estranged. Daughter of William X, Duke of Aquitaine and Eleanor of Chtellerault, Duchess of Aquitaine When war broke out between John and Philip, Eleanor declared her support for John, and set out from Fontevrault for her capital Poitiers to prevent her grandson Arthur, John's enemy, from taking control. Follow Reply Start a New Discussion Started by Rachel Kay Beal on Thursday, July 5, 2018 1 2 Next Showing 1-30 of 36 posts 7/5/2018 at 9:18 AM her daughter Tuire Hannele Nygrn her daughter Catharina Johanna Prinsloo pp. He fled to Paris. Eleanor or Alinor was the oldest of three children of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, whose glittering ducal court was on the leading edge of early12th-century culture, and his wife, Aenor de Chtellerault, the daughter of Aimeric I, Viscount of Chtellerault, and Dangereuse, who was William IX's longtime mistress as well as Eleanor's maternal grandmother. Louis accordingly bolted the gates of Bourges against the new Bishop; the Pope, recalling William X's similar attempts to exile Innocent's supporters from Poitou and replace them with priests loyal to himself, blamed Eleanor, saying that Louis was only a child and should be taught manners. She was about 11 years older than he, and related to him more closely than she had been to Louis. Within hours, then, Louis had arranged for his son, Prince Louis, to be married to Eleanor, with Abbot Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. Upon reaching Bordeaux, he left Eleanor and Petronilla in the charge of the Archbishop of Bordeaux, one of the Duke's few loyal vassals who could be entrusted with the safety of the duke's daughters. In March 1173, aggrieved at his lack of power and egged on by his father's enemies, the younger Henry launched the Revolt of 11731174. "On the second day in Easter week, he was slain in the city by a man-at-arms in the service of Brandin",[6] a rival mercenary captain. As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title, William had dictated a will on the very day he died, bequeathing his domains to Eleanor and appointing King Louis VI (nicknamed "the Fat") as her guardian. On March 11, 1152, they met at the royal castle of Beaugency to dissolve the marriage. It was a magnificent ceremony with almost a thousand guests. She ruled England as regent while Richard went off on the Third Crusade. She was permitted to show her face at special occasions but was otherwise kept invisible and powerless. For the next year, her whereabouts are unknown. The Duke then set out for the Shrine of Saint James of Compostela in North-western Spain, in the company of other pilgrims; however, on April 9th (Good Friday), 1137 he was stricken with sickness, probably food poisoning.

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